Cyberspace as a Combat Zone: The Phenomenon of Electronic Jihad

http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA32907



27 Feb 2007

The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), Washington, DC, US

Self-description:
"Inquiry and Analysis Series - No. 329 - Jihad and Terrorism Studies, February 27, 2007. Cyberspace as a Combat Zone: The Phenomenon of Electronic Jihad - By E. Alshech."

Extract:
"Electronic jihad is a phenomenon whereby 'mujahideen' use the Internet to wage economic and ideological warfare against their enemies. Unlike other hackers, those engaged in electronic jihad are united by a common strategy and ideology which are still in a process of formation. This paper aims to present the phenomenon of electronic jihad and to characterize some of its more recent developments." - E. Alshech.

Site contents:
1. Organized Electronic Jihad; 2. The Ideology and Ethical Boundaries of Electronic Jihad; 3. The Objectives of Electronic Jihad; 3.1. Eliminating Websites That Harm Islam; 3.2. Avenging the Death of Martyrs and the Suffering of Muslims and Imprisoned 'Mujahideen' Worldwide; 3.3. Inflicting Economic Damage on the West and Damaging its Morale; 3.4. Bringing About the Total Collapse of the West; 4. Actual Attacks and Their Effects; 4.1. Attack Strategies; 4.2. Coordination of Attacks; 4.3. Instructions for Attack Coordinators; 4.4. Announcement of a Ping Attack Against a Website That Harms Islam; 4.5. A General Call to Participate in a Virus Attack; 5. Electronic Jihad: A Nuisance or a Real Threat? 6. References & Notes.

Earlier MEMRI articles on related topics include:
* Islamist Websites as an Integral Part of Jihad: A General Overview (February 21, 2007)
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA32807
* Islamist Forum Participants Discuss Threat to Islamist Sites and Ways to Avoid Exposure On-Line (February 14, 2007) http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=SP146207

[The author, Dr. Alshech is the Director of the Jihad and Terrorism Studies Project at MEMRI. - ed. ]

URL http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA32907

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) - the paper was not archived at the time of this abstract. However, in a few weeks time it will be available at http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.memri.org/jihad.html - ed.

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
NGO
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

Cultural relations between China and the West (1245-2000): a biographic & bibliographic database

http://idoasdb.unizh.ch/oas/



Ostasiatisches Seminar (OAS), University of Zurich, Switzerland

Supplied note:
"Perhaps you are interested in my database on cultural relations between China and the West: [see the URL below] [...] At the moment I am working on the history of sinology, which is essentially also a history of sinologists. I have covered sinology in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands and France. I [also began] to enter the available data on the sinology of Great Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia and I began with German literature (I have covered Goethe, Schiller, Hesse, Heine, Doeblin and Klabund and naw I'm working on Brecht). [...] - amw."

Self-description:
"'Cultural relations between China and the West'
This database project is dedicated to the cultural relations between China and the West (1245-2000). It links systematically collected and scientifically validated biographic and bibliographic information. The main items are chronology and names, which are indexed and searchable. The entries are currently classified according to the following subject fields.The subject fields currently comprise the following: history, religion, history of missions, travel and legation accounts, history of medias, geography, history of universities, sinology, literature, philosophy, art, and science.

The database is funded by the University of Zurich; access is free.
Search results may be analysed online, it is possible to navigate within them, and they can be saved as PDF report for further processing. Should material from the database be used in publications, we welcome a corresponding source reference.

Accessing the database:
[...] Scientists may apply for a personal account (see below). A personal account allows collecting reports during a session (maximum for 24 hours). Additional personalization features are planned. Use of the database is supported by Online-Help [presently available in German only. English version is planned. - ed.].

Contact:
This project is chiefly administered by our scientific librarian, Mrs Anne-Marie Werner. [...]"

URL http://idoasdb.unizh.ch/oas/

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) - the site was not archived at the time of this abstract - ed.]

Link reported by: Anne-Marie Werner (biblio1--at--oas.unizh.ch)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

Islamist Websites as an Integral Part of Jihad: A General Overview

http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA32807


22 Feb 2007

The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), Washington, DC, US

Self-description:
"Inquiry and Analysis Series - No. 328 - Jihad and Terrorism Studies, February 21, 2007 Islamist Websites as an Integral Part of Jihad: A General Overview - By Y. Yehoshua."

Extract:
"Alongside military jihad on various battlefields, Islamist organizations are engaged in another type of warfare: jihad on the media front. The media is viewed by Islamist organizations both as an important battlefield and as an effective tool, and they consequently make extensive use of it. [...] This paper will discuss the distinguishing characteristics of the websites of Islamist organizations and their supporters; the various online activities through which terrorist organizations assist the mujahideen on the ground, both militarily and, especially, with propaganda; and the Internet polemics that these organizations conduct vis-a-vis their enemies." - Y. Yehoshua

Site contents:
INTRODUCTION; 1. THE INTERNET IN THE SERVICE OF ISLAMIST ORGANIZATIONS; 1.1. Main Characteristics of Islamist Websites; 1.2. Most Islamist Websites Hosted in the West; 1.3. Islamist Organizations' Use of Internet Services; 1.3.1. Websites; 1.3.1.1. Official websites of Islamist organizations; 1.3.1.2. Official websites of religious scholars supporting the Islamist organizations; 1.3.1.3. Unofficial websites supporting the organizations; 1.3.2. Forums; 2. ISLAMIST ORGANIZATIONS' INTERNET ACTIVITIES: AN INTEGRAL PART OF JIHAD; 3. MAIN GOALS OF ONLINE PROPAGANDA; 3.1. Glorifying the Organization's Activities; 3.2. Spreading the Organizations' Ideology; 3.3. Legitimizing the Organizations' Activity; 3.4. Threatening and Influencing the Enemy; 4. THE INTERNET AS A FRONT OF CONFRONTATION WITH THE ENEMIES; 4.1. Hacker Activities in Both Camps; 4.2. Alleged Activity by Western and Arab Intelligence Services on Islamist Forums; 4.3. Attempts to Conduct Dialogue with Individuals on Islamist Sites with the Aim of Reforming Them; 5. References & Notes.

Earlier MEMRI articles on related topics include:

* Islamist Forum Participants Discuss Threat to Islamist Sites and Ways to Avoid Exposure On-Line (February 14, 2007) http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=SP146207
* Islamist Sites in French - An Overview (December 21, 2006)
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA30806
* Online Fatwas Incite Young Muslims to Jihad (October 26, 2006)
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=SP133506
* Muslim Brotherhood Children's Website (April 18, 2006)
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=SP114106
* Terrorist and Inciting Messages on Yahoo (December 6, 2005)
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=SP103905

[The author, Y. Yehoshua, is Director of Research at MEMRI. - ed. ]

URL http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=jihad&ID=IA32807

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) -
the paper was not archived at the time of this abstract. However, in a few weeks time it will be available at http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://memri.org/jihad.html - ed.

Link reported by:
T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
NGO
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

Asian Legal Information Institute (AsianLII)

http://www.asianlii.org/


21 Feb 2007

Faculty of Law, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.

Self description:
"The Asian Legal Information Institute (AsianLII - www.asianlii.org) is a non-profit and free access website for legal information from all 27 countries and territories in Asia located from Japan in the east to Pakistan in the west, and from Mongolia in the north to Timor Leste in the south. Access to AsianLII is free. AsianLII was launched for free public access on 8 December 2006 in Sydney. Launches in a number of Asian countries will take place, beginning with the Philippines in January 2007.
Facilities AsianLII provides for searching and browsing databases of legislation, case-law, law reform reports, law journals and other legal information, where available, from each country in the region. At launch it will provide access to nearly 100 databases drawn from almost all 27 Asian countries. Over 140,000 cases from at least 15 countries, and over 15,000 pieces of legislation from at least 18 countries will be searchable. All databases can be searched simultaneously, or searches can be limited to one country's databases or other combinations. Search results can be ordered by relevance, by date, or by database. For every country, AsianLII contains an extensive Catalog of law-related websites for that country (parts of the largest law catalog on the Internet), and a 'Law on Google' facility assisting users to search Google only for legal materials from that country."

Site contents:
104 databases from 27 Asian countries and territories [Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea (North), Korea (South), Lao PDR, Macau, China, Malaysia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam - ed.] via the Free Access to Law Movement.

News & Database Additions (Last updated 21 February 2007) * Tribunal da Segunda Instancia de Macau (Tribunal of Final Appeal of Macau) 2000-; * Tribunal da Segunda Instancia de Macau (Tribunal of Second Appeal of Macau) 2002-; * AsianLII Philippine launch photos 10 January 2007 * AsianLII Sydney launch photos 8 December 2006 * Introduction to AsianLII; * User Guide to AsianLII; * Arellano Law and Policy Review 2003-; * Constitutional Court of the Kingdom of Thailand Decisions 1998-; * ASEAN Agreements and Declarations; * Executive Orders of the Philippines; * Constitutional Court of Indonesia; * Supreme Court of the Philippines Decisions 1901-; * Laws of Macau; * Supreme Court of Korea 2000-;
* Past additions (Updated: 19 January 2007 Laws of Vietnam; Thai Legislation; Intellectual Property Office of Singapore Decisions 1999-);
* Past additions (Updated: 7 December 2006 Proclamations of the Philippines; Laws of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); Ritsumeikan Law Review 2004-; Memorandum Orders of the Philippines; Constitutional Court of Korea; Mga Batas Pambansa of the Philippines; Commonwealth Acts of the Philippines; Acts of the Philippines; Delhi District Court Decisions 2003-; High Court of Bombay at Goa Decisions 2002-; Jammu and Kashmir High Court Decisions 2005-; Presidential Decrees of the Philippines; Republic Acts of the Philippines; Decree-Laws of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; Government Decrees of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; Special Panel for Serious Crimes - Timor Leste Cases 2001-; Indonesian Legislation (Undan g-Undang); Indonesian Regulations (Perat uran Pemerintah); District Court of Singapore Decisions 2006-; Magistrates' Court of Sing apore Decisions 2006-; Attorney-General's Chambers of Singapore - Law Reform & Revision Division; Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan Publications);
* [Asian] Law Journals; * [Asian] Law Reform.

URL http://www.asianlii.org/

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

Link reported by: Francesca Beddie (fbeddie--at--ozemail.com.au),
forwarded by asian-currents--at--anu.edu.au

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Documents/Online Guide
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 300

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

Asian Migrants in Greece: Origins, Status and Prospects

http://www.idec.gr/iier/new/asian_migrants_en.pdf


18 Feb 2007

Asian Migrants in Greece: Origins, Status and Prospects

Asia Unit, Institute for International Economic Relations (IIER), Athens, Greece

Supplied note:
"Dear Sir, Let me tell you of a recent report on Asian migrants in Greece that we have recently finished at the Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER) in Athens, Grrece. Thought it might be of interest to your audience. The Executive Summary of the report in English is available at: [the URL below] Best wishes, Plamen Tonchev, Head of Asia Unit, IIER, Athens, Greece."

Self-description:
"Asia Unit, January 2007, Asian Migrants in Greece: Origins, Status and Prospects, Plamen Tonchev (ed.), Research team: Maria Markoutsoglou Mantha Kassou Athanasios Moshovos Yiorgos Ptohos Available in Greek at: www.idec.gr/iier/new/asian_migrants_gr.pdf

CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 1.1. Key findings 1.2. Key recommendations 2. Rationale and Methodology 2.1. Expediency of the survey 2.2. Definition of 'Asian migrants' 2.3. Sources 2.4. Challenges during the survey 3. On the way to Greece 3.1. Share of Asia in global migration 3.2. Push factors 3.3. Pull factors 3.4. Migration routes and transportation costs 3.5. Entering Greece 4. Status of Asian migrants in Greece 4.1. Historical evolution of migration from Asia to Greece 4.2. Legal status of Asian migrants 4.3. Size of the Asian communities 4.4. Economic profile of Asian migrants 4.5. Social profile of Asian migrants 4.6. Structure of Asian communities 4.7. Social standing of Asian migrants 5. Conclusions 5.1. On the way to Greece 5.2. Emergence and profile of Asian communities in Greece 5.3. Social integration prospects of Asian migrants 6. Recommendations 6.1. To the Greek authorities 6.2. To the EU 7. References 7.1. Greek sources 7.2. Foreign sources 8. Annexes 8.1. World population and the share of Asia 8.2. Entry of Asian migrants into Greece 8.3. Status of Asian asylum-seekers in Greece 8.4. Asian communities in Greece 8.5. Economic and social profile of Asian migrants in Greece."

URL http://www.idec.gr/iier/new/asian_migrants_en.pdf

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

Link reported by: Plamen Tonchev (plamengo--at--hol.gr)

* Resource type [news/comments - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000 - under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

International Dunhuang Project (IDP) - Educational Links

http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/pages/education_links.a4d


16 Feb 2007

International Dunhuang Project (IDP) - Educational Links

International Dunhuang Project, British Library, London, UK.

Self description: "The International Dunhuang Project IDP is a ground-breaking international collaboration based at the British Library to make information and images of more than 100,000 manuscripts, paintings, textiles and artefacts from Dunhuang and other Silk Road sites freely available. [...] The high quality colour images and historically accurate information are searchable on the IDP DATABASE. Items are shown in context, with bibliographies, maps, photographs, site plans and other information relating to their provenance, history and present condition. This gives the scholar, the student and the layman a unique insight into Silk Road life during the first millennium AD."

Site contents [in the Educational Links section]:
* Dunhuang and the Silk Road; * Buddhism; * Tibetan/Nepalese Art & Manuscripts; * E-Learning; * Travel; * Scripts & Languages; * Technical links (Digitisation, Metadata, Colour Management, Infrared Photography).

The IDP site also provides links to the following site sections: * About IDP (People, Funding, Activities, IDP Newsletter, Publications); * Collections (British, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Russian, Other); * Technical (Infrastructure, Resources, Links); * Archives (IDP Newsletter; IDP papers; IDP Timeline; IDP Web); * Site Map; * Contact IDP; * Search (IDP Database, Advanced Search, Bibliography Search) * Catalogs [of the Silk Roads manuscripts] * Maps.

URL http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/pages/education_links.a4d

Internet Archive (www.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

Link reported by:
T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Online guide
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Library
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---

Atlas d'Iran (Paris, Reclus, 1998) On-line

http://www.mgm.fr/PUB/Iran



Maison de la Geographie, Montpellier, France

Supplied note:
"The Atlas d'Iran by Bernard Hourcade, Hubert Mazurek, Mohammad-Hosseyn Papoli-Yazdi et Mahmoud Taleghani, published in 1998 by GIP Reclus is out of print but available again ON LINE. This Atlas it the first cartographic analysis [over 250 maps - ed.] of demographic, economic, social, and cultural data on Iran at the scale of shahrestan and bakhsh. Based on the National Census of 1365/1986, this geographic analysis suggest also graphic models of Iran. Text in French, titles and legends in English.

Technical information:
To display the maps (pdf) click on the arrow up right. Close the picture to select and display a new one.

[Bibliographical details of the paper publication - ed.] Bernard Hourcade, Hubert Mazurek, Mohammad-Hosseyn Papoli-Yazdi et Mahmoud Taleghani. Atlas d'Iran, Paris - Montpellier, Reclus - Documentation Francaise, 1998, 192p. Collection Dynamiques du territoire. ISBN 2-11-004047-5 Out of print - bh."

Site contents:
* L'espace iranien (L'Iran au milieu des empires, Les structures de l'espace iranien, Le pays des piemonts); * Populations (Le peuplement et son evolution, Demographie, Les migrations, Les activites); * Cultures (Cultures ethniques, L'instruction, Cultures religieuses, Identites regionales); * Villages (Agriculture, Productions agricoles, Elevage et pastoralisme, Vivre dans les villages); * Villes et developpement (La croissance urbaine, Industries et petrole, Vivre en ville, Teheran); * L'inegal developpement (Le logement, Les niveaux de vie, Les dynamiques internes et externes); * Modeles de l'espace iranien (Dissymetrie et marche vers l'est, Villes et enjeux internationaux, Disparites, complementarites) * Bibliographie (Cartes, Atlas, Etudes);
* Index
(A : activites - administration - agriculture - alphabetisation - artisans - autarcie - automobile.
B : beton - bibliotheque - bois - bovins - brique - buffles.
C : cadres superieurs - caprins - cereales - chameaux - chauffage - chemin de fer - chevaux - chiisme - chomage - cinema - classe moyenne - climat - courrier - croissance demographique - cultures seches.
D : densite de population - desert - differences hommes/femmes - differences urbain/rural.
E : eau - ecole primaire - electricite - elevage - employeurs - engrais- estive (yeylaq) - ethnies - ethnies transfrontalieres - etrangers - exportations.
F : famille - fecondite - femmes - foret - frontieres.
G : gaz - generations - guerre.
H : habitat revolutionnaire - habitat - hammam - hivernage (qechlaq) - hopitaux - hotel. I : illettrisme - imamzadeh - importations - industrie - irrigation - islam.
J : jeunes.
L : lait - langues - logement - lycee.
M : mariage - materiaux de construction - mecanisation - medecins - metallurgie - migrations - mines - minorites religieuses - montagne - mortalite - mosquee - moto.
N : nomades.
O : occupation du sol - oleagineux - ovins.
P : peripherie - persans - petrole - pise - pistaches - ports - productions agricoles - puits.
Q : qanat.
R : relief - reseau urbain - revenu des familles - rivieres - routes.
S : sages-femmes - salaries - seisme - sentier - steppe - sunnisme - surface cultivee.
T : tapis - Teheran - tekieh - telephone - textile - the (maison de) - tourisme - transports.
U : universite - usines.
V : vannerie - vaqf - vegetation - vergers - vers a soie - vigne - villages - ville.
Z : zourkhaneh)

URL http://www.mgm.fr/PUB/Iran

Internet Archive (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

Link reported by: Bernard Hourcade (hourcade--at--ivry.cnrs.fr),
forwarded by iranian-studies--at--yahoogroups.com and Paola Raffetta (paolaraffetta--at--gmail.com)

* Resource type [news/comments - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 300

---

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

---